![]() ![]() ![]() Noriatsu Shigemura, Yuzo Ninomiya, in International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, 2016 3.5 Glutamate The average numbers of taste buds per papilla are summarized in Table 1. Atrophic changes were observed in papillae of some men > 40 years old and some women > 55–60 years old, though Jurisch (1922) reported that the number of vallate papillae did not appear to change systematically as a function of age. Ninety-eight percent of all tongues have a central median papilla ( Fig. 2C). The number of vallate papillae per human tongue varies between 4 and 18 (n = 2264 tongues), with an average of 9.2 ± 1.8 papillae ( Münch, 1896). The papillae are innervated by an enormously large nerve fiber plexus originating from CN IX (see below) compared to the innervation of foliate or fungiform papillae. Taste buds are lined up in the mucosa of the trench walls around the bases of each vallate papilla ( Figs. 4C and F). They are round and measure between 2 and 8 mm in diameter. ![]() Vallate papillae lie directly anterior to the sulcus terminalis and extend in a V-shaped line across the root of the tongue ( Fig. 2). ![]()
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